全国超1亿人患这种病，且早期症状不明显！如何早发现早治疗？

<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p><br></p><section style="background-color: rgb(238, 250, 255);"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 85%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一种逐渐进展的疾病，影响着全球超过10%的人口，总人数超过8亿[1]。相关资料显示，在中国，CKD的患病率高达10.8%，即超过1亿人患有慢性肾脏病[2]。那么，什么是慢性肾脏病？如何做到早发现？得了慢性肾脏病又该怎么办？</p></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="margin-top: 6px;margin-bottom: 8px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);height: 1px;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(202, 234, 247);letter-spacing: 2px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong>CKD</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></p><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 5px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="display: flex;width: 100%;flex-flow: column nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="z-index: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="font-size: 19px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);background-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>01</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 0.1;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 4px 0px 4px 7px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 193, 69);"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 3px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(229, 241, 255);font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;">什么是慢性肾脏病？</span><strong style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </strong></strong></span><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-bottom: 22px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-12px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 32px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 93%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(202, 234, 247) 4px 4px 0px 0px;padding: 20px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">慢性肾脏病（CKD）指的是各种原因引起的慢性肾脏结构和功能异常，包括尿检异常、影像学检查异常，或不明原因肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降（eGFR＜60ml/min/1.73㎡）超过3个月。多数CKD患者疾病早期可能没有症状或仅有轻微症状，若不及时发现及干预，随着疾病的进展，有可能发展为尿毒症。因此，早发现和早治疗尤为重要。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 5px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="display: flex;width: 100%;flex-flow: column nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="z-index: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="font-size: 19px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);background-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>02</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 0.1;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 4px 0px 4px 7px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 193, 69);"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 3px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);">出现哪些症状</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);">就该怀疑得了慢性肾脏病？</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-bottom: 22px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-12px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 32px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 93%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(202, 234, 247) 4px 4px 0px 0px;padding: 20px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者早期阶段的症状并不明显，往往容易被忽视，如晨起眼睑或颜面部水肿、下肢水肿、尿色异常、泡沫尿、高血压、腰背酸痛等。有些症状休息后即可缓解，所以不容易引起注意。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">如果没有规律做过尿常规与肾功能检测的话，可能会以乏力、贫血、食欲差、恶心呕吐、胸闷气短、夜间休息不能平卧、神志改变等不典型的尿毒症症状为首诊。此时，即需要肾脏血液净化治疗（血液透析和腹膜透析）或肾移植治疗，给患者及其家庭带来严重的心理和经济负担。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">因此，早发现和加强患者管理，对于延缓CKD的进展、提高患者的生活质量、生存率与社会回归率至关重要。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 5px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="display: flex;width: 100%;flex-flow: column nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="z-index: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="font-size: 19px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);background-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>03</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 0.1;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 4px 0px 4px 7px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 193, 69);"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 3px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);font-size: 17px;">慢性肾脏病患者</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);font-size: 17px;">需要注意哪些？</span></strong><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-bottom: 22px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-12px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 32px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 93%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(202, 234, 247) 4px 4px 0px 0px;padding: 20px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.7;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">对于慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者管理而言，需要进行生活方式改变、心理疏导和药物治疗等多方面干预。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，CKD患者需要养成健康的生活方式，如低盐、低脂、优质低蛋白、低嘌呤饮食，戒烟、限酒，控制体重，规律适度运动和避免劳累及感染等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次，CKD患者往往心理负担较重，有时心理疏导必不可少。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">此外，一旦进展为肾功能不全，除了要科学评估病情进行疾病分期外，还要关注导致肾脏病的原因、蛋白尿、血压、血糖、血脂、血尿酸、贫血、钙磷代谢、肥胖、心血管等风险因素的指标，这些对于控制CKD的进展至关重要。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 55px;margin-bottom: 5px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="display: flex;width: 100%;flex-flow: column nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="z-index: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="font-size: 19px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);background-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>04</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 0.1;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 4px 0px 4px 7px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 193, 69);"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 3px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);font-size: 17px;">如何确定</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(229, 241, 255);font-size: 17px;">慢性肾脏病的类型？</span></strong><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-bottom: 22px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-12px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 32px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 93%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(202, 234, 247) 4px 4px 0px 0px;padding: 20px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">根据估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR），慢性肾脏病（CKD）可以分为如下5期：</p></section></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:0" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(88, 178, 188);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 3;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>CKD分期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(88, 178, 188);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.7;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>eGFR</p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.7;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p><span style="font-size: 12px;">（ml/min/1.73㎡）</span></p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:0.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(88, 178, 188);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 3;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">描述</span></p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:1" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:1.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>G1期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:1.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">≥90</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:1.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">正常或升高</p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:2" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:2.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>G2期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:2.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">60~89</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:2.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>轻度下降</p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:3" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:3.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>G3a期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:3.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">45~59</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:3.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>轻度至中度下降</p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:4" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:4.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>G3b期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:4.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>30~44</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:4.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">中度至重度下降</p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:5" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:5.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">G4期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:5.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">15~29</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:5.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(220, 241, 244);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;"><p>重度下降</p></section></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:6" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:6.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="25.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">G5期</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:6.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="35.0000%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align: center;">＜15</p></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:9.col1:1.classicTable1:6.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);padding: 0px;" width="39.9900%"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p>肾衰竭</p></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">对于肾脏病早期患者，肾活检是确诊慢性肾脏病类型的金标准,也是唯一手段。肾活检可以明确肾脏病变的组织学类型，做出正确的临床病理诊断，进而便于临床医生制定精准的个体化治疗方案，阻止患者发展为肾功衰竭，或者延缓早期肾衰竭患者发展到尿毒症需要肾脏替代治疗。临床上对于原因不明的肾炎综合征、肾病综合征及急慢性肾功能异常的患者，以及系统性疾病的患者，如系统性红斑狼疮、系统性血管炎、糖尿病患者考虑非糖尿病肾病等，建议尽早进行肾穿刺活检明确诊断，指导临床和判断预后。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">做肾穿刺活检检查前，选择具有独立的肾穿刺团队和肾脏病理诊断室尤为重要。中国医大盛京医院肾脏内科的肾穿刺团队成员均为科室内经验丰富的临床医师，人员固定、配合默契，可高质量完成超声定位和肾脏穿刺。患者在肾脏内科不出病房即可完成肾穿刺，提高了就医的便捷性、缩短了住院时间。科室还制定了详细的肾穿流程，包括术前准备、术中操作、术后护理及并发症处理等，引进了光镜、免疫荧光、电镜等一系列先进的诊断设备，具有肾脏病理资质的病理医师能够在2-3天内完成肾脏病理诊断，并及时向临床医生反馈病理急重症，如表现为新月体的肾病、血栓性微血管病，以便临床医生第一时间予以治疗。同时，对于疑难病理诊断可进行国际远程会诊。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">因此，在肾脏病早期作出明确病理诊断，制定精准的个体化治疗方案，可以实现肾脏病诊治关口前移，从而减少尿毒症的发生率。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-top: 55px;margin-bottom: 5px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="display: flex;width: 100%;flex-flow: column nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="z-index: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section style="font-size: 19px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);background-color: rgb(255, 193, 69);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>05</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 0.1;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 4px 0px 4px 7px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 193, 69);"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 3px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(229, 241, 255);">慢性肾脏病如何治疗？</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section style="margin-bottom: 22px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-12px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 32px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 93%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(202, 234, 247) 4px 4px 0px 0px;padding: 20px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.7;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个长期进展的过程，各阶段的治疗方案取决于疾病的严重程度和进展情况。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">在肾小球滤过率正常或中度下降期，治疗重点通常是治疗肾脏原发病、控制危险因素和保护肾脏功能。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">在肾功能开始下降为中度至重度受损，除了继续控制原发病、危险因素和保护肾脏功能，治疗还包括血压和饮食管理、纠正贫血、改善钙磷代谢紊乱、高尿酸血症等治疗并发症的措施。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">随着肾功能进一步下降，对于已经进入肾功能衰竭期的患者，可能需要进行肾脏替代治疗，包括透析和肾移植手术。透析治疗有血液透析和腹膜透析。目前，全国共有100万透析患者，其中血液透析84.4万人，腹膜透析15.6万人。在选择具体的治疗方案时，医生会考虑患者病情及尊重患者意愿，制定个体化的治疗方案。在中国医大盛京医院，肾脏内科除了配备专业的医护团队、每月开展主任查房外，还拥有独立的万级手术室和血液透析通路门诊，可以完成透析需要的生命线——血液透析临时管和长期管置入术、动静脉内瘘术或腹透腹腔置管术，以及生命线并发症修补术。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; margin-top: 25px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 2px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-width: 0px;border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 193, 69);margin-right: 3px;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 193, 69);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.3;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 4px 20px 4px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-top-right-radius: 15px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong>参考文献</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: -8px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 30px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 12px;padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;"><p>[1] KOVESDY C P. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022 [J]. Kidney Int Suppl (2011), 2022, 12(1): 7-11.</p><p>[2] ZHANG L, WANG F, WANG L, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey [J]. Lancet, 2012, 379(9818): 815-22.</p></section></section><p powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></p><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; margin-top: 25px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 2px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-width: 0px;border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 193, 69);margin-right: 3px;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 193, 69);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.3;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><br></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding: 4px 20px 4px 15px;background-color: rgb(42, 86, 156);border-top-right-radius: 15px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong>专家介绍</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: -8px;line-height: 0;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 30px;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -25px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 13px;height: 22px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 4px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 199, 113);"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(21px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><p><strong>周华</strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">教授、主任医师</span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 387px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;width: 60%;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">中国医大盛京医院内科教研室副主任、肾脏内科主任、血液透析中心主任；博士生导师</span></p><p><strong>出诊时间地点：</strong>：周二全天，南湖院区B座4层专家门诊4诊室</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -25px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 13px;height: 22px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 4px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 199, 113);"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(21px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><p><strong><span style="background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">王艳秋</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">教授、主任医师</span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 387px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;width: 60%;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">中国医大盛京医院肾脏内科副主任</span></p><p><strong>出诊时间地点：</strong>：<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">周一、周四全天，南湖院区A座5层内科门诊20诊室</span></p><p><br></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -25px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 13px;height: 22px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 4px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 199, 113);"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(21px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><p><strong>张蓓茹</strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">教授、主任医师</span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 387px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;width: 60%;height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">中国医大盛京医院肾脏内科副主任</span></p><p><strong>出诊时间地点：</strong>：<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgba(1, 0, 0, 0);">周二、周五全天，南湖院区A座5层内科门诊21诊室</span></p></section></section></section></section><p powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></p><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 14px;padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p>供稿：第一肾脏内科病房/周华 焦聪聪</p><p>本文配图均来自网络正版授权</p></section><p powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></p></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>

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<br>转载声明：本文转载自「中国医科大学附属盛京医院」，搜索「sj-hospital」即可关注，[阅读原文]。</div><p></p>